A possibility is to simulate the simplified mesh in a cloner. Then have a separate cloner for the high resolution mesh. Set that one to mode:object and Distribution:Axis. That new cloner will follow the simulated clones.

Try disabling the Continuous Option in the emission tab.
When you enable it it will also emit particles within the duration of a single frame. When you disable it it will emit exactly on the start of a frame.

I don't know hot to do that by dragging, but you can adjust multiple selected keyframes by typing e.g. x+100 in the field in the attribute manager.